CHECKLIST
July 2017 UPDATE:
We're extremely excited to announce the publication of an incredible new book by our friends and colleagues Tom Turner and Vaughan Turland:
DISCOVERING JAMAICAN BUTTERFLIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS AROUND THE CARIBBEAN -
A comprehensive study of Jamaican butterflies, and the need for conservation of those species facing loss of critical habitat.
This book will be a must-have reference for the library of any natural history museum, university with a programme in tropical ecology, dedicated Caribbean naturalist, or budding lepidopterist.
All 136 butterflies known from Jamaica are described in technical detail, along with more than 1000 photographs and figures depicting their life stages, their natural habitats, their island distributions and much more. Tom and Vaughan's combined 70+ years of field observations have resulted in a tour de force of all t'ings butterfly for Jamaica. We congratulate them on this tremendous contribution!
The website for this book gives a glimpse of the beautiful and unique butterflies which call Jamaica home.
Tom and Vaughan were able to resolve the several spurious / erroneous records reported in Brown & Heineman (1972) and in the subsequent literature based on this seminal natural history reference. They provide details of their corrections in Chapter 5: The Jamaican Butterflies . We have updated our checklist to include these corrections and to add the several new species which have been discovered over the past few decades.
In our checklist, we have a few links to photos on our old webpages...but you'll be much happier with Tom & Vaughan's new book!
You also can see photos of speciemens at butterfliesofamerica.com
Please let us know if you know of any updates.
Last updated 22 July 2017.
No. butterfly species described for Jamaica | No. endemic species | No. endemic subspecies | No. of Jamaican endemic species in Cockpit Country |
No. restricted entirely to Cockpit Country |
136 | 37 | 21 | 33 | 2 |
COMMON NAME | SCIENTIFIC NAME | SPECIES RANGE | SUB-SPECIES & RANGE | SPECIES OCCURS IN COCKPIT COUNTRY |
|
Papilionidae - Swallowtails | |||||
Papilioninae | |||||
Jamaican Kite / Blue Swallowtail | Protographium marcellinus (Doubleday 1845) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Polydamas Swallowtail | Battus polydamas (Linnaeus 1758) |
Southern US to Argentina | Battus polydamas jamaicensis (Rothschild and Jordan 1906); Jamaica |
Yes | |
Pelaus Swallowtail | Heraclides pelaus (Fabricius 1775) |
Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico | Heraclides pelaus pelaus (Fabricius 1775): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Andraemon Swallowtail | Heraclides andraemon (Hübner 1823) |
Greater Antilles; Introduced into Jamaica, now a citrus pest. | |
Yes | |
Golden Swallowtail | Heraclides thersites (Fabricius 1775) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Melonias Swallowtail | Heraclides melonius (Rothschild and Jordan 1906) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Cresphontes Swallowtail | Heraclibes cresphontes (Cramer 1777) |
Canada to northern South America; formerly present on Jamaica in late 19th century | |
||
Homerus (Giant) Swallowtail | Pterourus homerus (Fabricius 1793) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Lime Swallowtail | Papilio demoleus malayanus (Wallace 1865) |
Old World; Invasive Alien Species in the Caribbean and Central America; reported in Jamaica (Lewis 2009, 2010) | |
||
Pieridae - Whites and Sulphurs | |||||
Coliadinae | |||||
Guayacán Sulphur | Kricogonia lyside (Godart 1819) |
Southern US to Venezuela | |
Yes | |
Dainty Sulphur | Nathalis iole (Boisduval 1836) |
Central and southern US to Colombia | |
Yes | |
Barred Sulphur | Eurema daira (Godart 1819) |
Southern US to Brazil | Eurema daira palmira (Poey 1846): Greater Antilles to Grenada and Barbados |
Yes | |
Cramer's Barred Sulphur | Eurema elathea (Cramer 1775) |
North and Central America | : |
Yes | |
Boisduval's Sulphur | Eurema arbela (Geyer 1832) |
Southern US to South America | |||
Adams' Sulphur | Eurema adamsi (Lathy 1898) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Proterpia Orange | Eurema proterpia (Fabricius 1775) |
Texas to Peru | |
Yes | |
Shy Sulphur | Eurema messalina (Fabricius 1787) |
Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica | Yes | ||
Little Sulphur | Eurema lisa (Boisduval and Leconte 1829) |
Eastern US to Costa Rica | Eurema lisa euterpe (Ménétriés 1832): Greater Antilles to Barbados |
Yes | |
Jamaican Yellow | Pyrisitia euterpiformis (Monroe 1947) |
Eurema euterpiformis turlandi (Turner 2016): Jamaica |
Possibly | ||
Mimosa Yellow | Eurema nise (Cramer 1775: TL=Jamaica) |
Southern US to Argentina | Eurema nise nise (Cramer 1775): Jamaica, Cuba, southern Bahamas, southern Florida |
Yes | |
Cryptic Sulphur | Eurema nelphe (Felder 1869) |
Southwestern US into Panama, Cuba, Jamaica | Yes | ||
Jamaican Bush Sulphur | Eurema parvumbra (Kaye [1924] 1925) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Sleepy Orange | Eurema nicippe (Cramer 1779) |
Eastern US to Costa Rica and Caribbean | |
Yes | |
Giant Brimstone | Anteos maerula (Fabricius 1775) |
Southern US to Peru | |
Yes | |
Ghost Brimstone | Anteos clorinde (Godart 1824) |
Northern US to Argentina | Anteos clorinde nivifera (Fruhstorfer 1907): Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica |
||
Swainson's Sulphur | Aphrissa hartonia (Butler 1870) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Aphrissa Sulphur | Aphrissa statira (Cramer 1777) |
Southern US to Argentina | Aphrissa statira cubana (d'Almeida 1939): Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Cloudless Sulphur | Phoebis sennae (Linnaeus 1758; TL=Jamaica) |
Southern US to Argentina | |
Yes | |
Apricot Sulphur | Phoebis argante (Fabricius 1775) |
Mexico to Paraguay and West Indies | Phoebis argante comstocki (Avinoff 1944): Jamaica |
||
Golden Sulphur | Phoebis agarithe (Boisduval 1836) |
Sothern US to Peru | Phoebis agarithe antillia (Brown 1929): West Indies |
||
Piernae | |||||
Albatross | Glutophrissa drusilla (Cramer 1777) |
Florida to southern Brazil | Glutophrissa drusilla castalia (Fabricius 1793): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Albatross | Glutophrissa drusilla (Cramer 1777) |
Florida to southern Brazil | Glutophrissa drusilla boydi (Comstock 1943): Greater Antilles - tho' only one single specimen known from Jamaica - and Lesser Antilles to Guadeloupe |
||
Great Southern White | Ascia monuste (Linnaeus 1764) |
Southern US to Argentina | Ascia monuste evonima (Boisduval 1836): Bahamas and Greater Antilles |
Yes | |
Giant White | Ganyra josephina (Godart 1819) |
West Indies | Ganyra josephina paramaryllis (Comstock 1943): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Small White | Pieris rapae (Linnaeus 1758) |
Asia, North Africa, Europe; accidental introduction from the US with agriculture produce in 1960: did not become established | |||
Lycaenidae - Blues and Hairstreaks | |||||
Theclinae | |||||
Bourke's Hairstreak | Rekoa bourkei (Kaye 1925) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
St Peter's Hairstreak | Allosmaitia coeblebs (Herrich-Schäffer 1862) |
Cuba: vagrant to Jamaica - 1 specimen from 1913 | |
||
Jamaican Green Hairstreak | Cyanophrys crethona (Hewitson 1873) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Dallas Mountain Greenstreak | Cyanophrys hartii (Turner and Miller 1992) |
Jamaica | |
||
St. James' Hairstreak | Chlorostrymon simaethis (Drury 1773) |
Texas to Argentina | Chlorostrymon simaethis jago (Comstock and Huntington 1943): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Amethyst Hairstreak | Chlorostrymon maesites (Herrich-Schäffer 1864) |
Florida to Dominica | Chlorostrymon maesites maesites (Herrich-Schäffer 1864): Southern Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and St. Vincent |
||
Jackson's Hairstreak | Chlorostrymon orbis (Johnson and Smith 1993) |
Jamaica: Blue Mountains (collected in 1919) | |
||
Shoumatoff's Hairstreak | Nesiostrymon shoumatoffi (Comstock and Huntington 1943) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Light-Banded Hairstreak | Ministrymon azia (Hewitson 1873) |
Southern US to Argentina | |||
Lantana-scrub Hairstreak | Strymon bazochii (Godart 1822) |
Southern US to Brazil | Nesiostrymon bazochii gundlachianus (Bates 1935): Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Cuban Gray Hairstreak | Strymon martialis (Herrich-Schäffer 1865) |
Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica | |
||
Gosse's Hairstreak | Strymon acis (Drury 1773) |
Florida through Lesser Antilles | Strymon acis gossei (Comstock and Huntington 1943): Jamaica |
||
Mallow Scrub Hairstreak | Strymon istapa (Fabricius 1793) |
Southern US to Brazil | Strymon istapa cybira (Hewitson 1874): Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Cayman Islands, Jamaica |
||
Disguised Hairstreak | Strymon limenia (Hewitson 1868) |
West Indies | |
Yes | |
Fulvous Hairstreak | Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson 1874) |
Bahamas to Virgin Isands | Electrostrymon angelia pantoni (Comstock and Huntington 1943): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Drury's Hairstreak | Electrostrymon pan (Drury 1773) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Polyommatinae | |||||
Cassius Blue | Leptotes cassius (Cramer 1775) |
Florida to Argentina | Leptotes cassius theonus (Lucas 1857): Bahamas and Greater Antilles |
Yes | |
Miss Perkins' Blue | Leptotes perkinsae (Kaye 193)1 |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Antillean Pygmy Blue | Brephidium exilis (Boisduval 1852) |
Southern US to northern So. America | Brephidium exilis isophthalma (Herrich-Schäffer 1862): Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica |
||
Hanno Blue | Hemiargus ceraunus (Fabricius 1793) |
Southern US to Argentina | Hemiargus ceraunus ceraunus (Fabricius 1793): Hispaniola, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Shuey's and Turner's Blue | Cyclargus shuturn (Johnson and Bálint 1995) |
Jamaica | |
||
Jamaican Blue | Cyclargus dominica (Möschler 1886) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Libytheidae - Snout Butterflies | |||||
Libytheinae - Snout Butterflies | |||||
Antillean Snout Butterfly | Libytheana terena (Godart 1819) |
Jamaican, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico | |
||
Nymphalidae - Brush-footed Butterflies | |||||
Danainae - Milkweeds and Monarchs | |||||
Tiger Mimic-Queen | Lycorea halia (Godart 1819) |
Hispaniola & Puerto Rico; vagrant in Jamaica | |||
Jaeger's anetia | Anetia jaegeri (Ménétriés 1832) |
Hispaniola, Jamaica: 2 specimens in BMNH from "Christiana [Manchester], Aug 21, 1960"; Vane-Wright et al. (1992) | |
? | |
Anetia sp? (unidentified) | Anetia sp? (Unidentified) |
Jamaica: Sightings in the Blue Mountains | |
||
Lesser Monarch | Danaus cleophile (Godart 1819) |
Jamaica, Hispaniola & Puerto Rico | Danaus cleophile jamaicensis (Turner & Turland 2017): Jamaica |
||
Monarch | Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus 1758) |
North America | Danaus plexippus plexippus (Linnaeus 1758): Occasional migrant and resident | ? | |
Monarch | Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus 1758) |
North America | Danaus plexippus megalippe (Hübner 1826): Migrant and resident subspecies. | Yes | |
Caribbean Monarch | Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus 1758) |
North America | Danaus plexippus nomadi (Turner & Turland 2017): Resident subspecies. | ? | |
Soldier | Danaus eresimus (Cramer 1777) |
Southern US to Brazil and Peru, Greater Antilles | Danaus eresimus tethys (Forbes 1944): Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica & Cayman Islands |
||
Queen | Danaus gilippus (Cramer 1775) |
Southern US to Argentina, Caribbean | Danaus gilippus jamaicensis (Bates 1864): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Ithomiinae | |||||
Transparent Butterfly | Greta diaphana (Drury 1773) |
Jamaica, Dominican Repupblic | Greta diaphana diaphana (Drury 1773): Jamaica: Blue Mtns. |
||
Heliconiinae - Heliconias | |||||
Gulf Fritillary | Agraulis vanillae (Linnaeus 1758) |
US to Argentina | Agraulis vanillae insularis Maynard 1889: Bahamas, Bermuda and Greater Antilles |
Yes | |
Julia | Dryas iulia (Fabricius 1775) |
Southern US to Brazil & Bolivia | Dryas iulia delila (Fabricius 1775): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Jamaican Zebra Longwing | Heliconius simulator (Rṏber 1921) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Tropical Fritillary | Euptoieta hegesia (Cramer 1779) |
Southern US to Argentina | Euptoieta hegesia hegesia(Cramer 1779): Cuba, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Variegated Fritillary | Euptoieta claudia (Cramer 1779) |
Eastern US to Argentina | Euptoieta claudia claudia (Cramer 1779): Jamaica, Cuba |
||
Melitaeinae | |||||
Jamaican Patch | Atlantea pantoni (Kaye 1906) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Cuban Crescent | Anthanassa frisia (Poey 1832) |
Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica | Anthanassa frisia frisia (Hewitson 1864): Cuba, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Pygmy Fritillary | Antillea pelops (Drury 1773) |
West Indies | Antillea pelops pygmaea (Godart 1819): Jamaica |
||
Jamaican Crescent | Antillea proclea (Doubleday and Hewitson 1847) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Nymphalinae - Fritillaries | |||||
American Painted Lady | Vanessa virginiensis (Drury 1773) |
Canada to Central America | |
Yes | |
Painted Lady | Vabessa cardui (Linnaeus 1758) |
Global; occasional migrant to Jamaica | |
||
Red Admiral | Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus 1758) |
Global; Occasional migrant | |
||
Sweater Mapwing | Hypanartia paullus (Fabricius 1793) |
Greater Antilles | |
Yes | |
West Indian Buckeye | Junonia zonalis (Felder & Felder 1867) |
Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Caymans Islands, Jamaica | Yes | ||
Mangrove Buckeye | Junonia evarete (Cramer 1779) |
Southern US to Argentina and Caribbean | |
||
Mimic | Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus 1764) |
Old World tropics and subtropics, New World probably via slave trade | |
||
White Peacock | Anartia jatrophae (Johnson 1763) |
Southern US to Argentina | Anartia jatrophae saturata (Stadudinger 1885): Greater Inagua, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico |
Yes | |
Malachite | Siproeta stelenes (Linneus 1758) |
Southern US to Brazil | Siproeta stelenes stelenes (Linneus 1758): Bahamas, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, USVI & BVI |
Yes | |
Banana Butterfly | Colobura dirce (Linnaeus 1758) |
Mexico to Paraguay | Colobura dirce wolcotti (Comstock 1942): Greater Antilles |
Yes | |
Cadmus | Historis acheronta (Fabricius 1775) |
Mexico to Brazil | Historis acheronta cadmus (Cramer 1775): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Orion | Historis odius (Fabricius 1775) |
Southern US to Argentina | Historis odius odius (Fabricius 1775): Greater Antilles |
Yes | |
Cyrestinae - Dagger Tails | |||||
Many-banded Daggerwing | Marpesa chiron (Fabricius 1775) |
south U.S.A Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Mexico to Ecuador, Surinam | Marpesa chiron chiron (Fabricius 1775): Cuba, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Antillean Dagger Tail | Marpesa eleuchea (Hübner 1818) |
Greater Antilles (except Puerto Rico) | Marpesa eleuchea pellenis (Godart 1819): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Biblidinae | |||||
Purple Wing | Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schaeffer 1853) |
Greater Antilles & Central America | Eunica tatila tatilista (Kaye 1926): Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico (1 record) |
Yes | |
Dingy Purple Wing | Eunica monima (Cramer 1782) |
Southern US to Venezuela | |
||
Strawberry Butterfly | Lucinia cadma (Drury 1773) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Jamaican Sailor | Dynamine egaea (Fabricius 1775) |
Mexico to Colombia | Dynamine egaea egaea (Fabricius 1775): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Caribbean Cracker | Hamadryas amphichloe (Hübner 1823) |
Mexico to Brazil | Hamadryas amphichloe diasia (Fruhstorfer 1916): Greater Antilles |
||
Jamaican Mestra | Mestra dorcas (Fabricius 1775) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Limenitidinae - Admirals | |||||
Jamaican Admiral | Adelpha abyla (Hewitson 1850) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Apaturinae - Reflecting butterflies | |||||
Silver Emperor | Doxocopa laure (Drury 1773) |
Mexico to Venezuela | Doxocopa laure laura (Hübner 1823): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Charaxinae | |||||
Jamaican Leaf Butterfly | Anaea portia (Fabricius 1775) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Johnson's Leaf Butterfly | Fountainea johnsoni (Avinoff and Shoumatoff 1941) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Satyrinae - Ringlets | |||||
Jamaican Calisto | Calisto zangis (Fabricus 1775) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Hesperiidae - Skippers | |||||
Eudaminae | |||||
Perkins' Skipper | Phocides perkinsi (Kaye 1931) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Mercury Skipper | Proteides mercurius (Fabricius 1787) |
Mexico to Argentina | Proteides mercurius jamaicensis (Skinner 1920): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Jamaican Silver-striped Skipper | Epargyreus antaeus (Hewitson 1867) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Hammock Skipper | Polygonus leo (Gmelin 1790) |
Southern US to Argentina | Polygonus leo hagar Evans 1952: Jamaica |
Yes | |
Jamaican Long-tailed Skipper | Chioides churchi (Bell and Comstock 1948) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Aguna Skipper | Aguna asander (Hewitson 1867) |
Mexico to Argentina | Aguna asander jasper (Evans 1952): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Common Long-tailed Skipper | Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus 1758) |
US south to Argentina | Urbanua proteus domingo (Scudder 1872) |
Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola | Yes |
Green Skipper | Astraptes talus (Cramer 1777) |
Mexico to Argentina; insular Caribbean | |
||
Butler's Jamaican Skipper | Astraptes jaira (Butler 1870) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Roy's Skipper | Astraptes anaphus (Cramer 1777) |
Mexico to Argentina | Astraptes anaphus anausis (Godman and Salvin 1896): Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Dominica, St. Vincent |
Yes | |
(Unidentified) | Astraptes sp. (observed Turner 1992, 1995; Turner & Turland 2009) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Potrillo Skipper | Cabares potrillo (Lucas 1857) |
Texas to Colombia | Cabares potrillo potrillo (Lucas 1857): Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica |
||
Pyrginae | |||||
Jamaican Hermit Skipper | Grais juncta (Evans 1953) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Jamaican Banded Skipper | Timochares runia (Evans 1953) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Dillon's Duskywing Skipper | Anastrus sempiternus (Butler and Druce 1872) |
Mexico to Brazil | Anastrus sempiternus dilloni Bell and Comstock 1948: Hispaniola, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Common Duskywing Skipper | Gesta gesta (Herrich-Schäffer 1863) |
Mexico to Argentina | Gesta gesta gesta (Herrich-Schäffer 1863): Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica |
Yes | |
Hairy Duskywing Skipper | Ephyriades brunnea (Herrich-Schäffer 1869) |
Florida to Dominica | Ephyriades brunnea jamaicensis (Möschler 1878): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Jamaican Sicklewing Skipper | Eantis mithridates (Fabricius 1793) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Tropical Checkered Skipper | Pyrgus oileus (Linnaeus 1767) |
Southern US to Argentina | |
Yes | |
Hesperiinae | |||||
Caribbean Ruby-eye Skipper | Perichares philetes (Gmelin 1790; TL=Jamaica) |
American to southern Brazil | |
Yes | |
Canna Skipper | Calpodes ethlius (Stoll 1782) |
Southern US to Argentina | |
||
Obsure Skipper | Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner 1891) |
Southern US to Brazil | |
||
Ocola Skipper | Panoquina ocola (Edwards 1863) |
Southern US to Argentina | |
Yes | |
Savannah Skipper | Panoquina lucas (Watson 1937) |
Southern US to Argentina | Panoquina sylvicola woodruffi Watson 1937: Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, some Lesser Antilles |
Yes | |
Malicious Skipper | Synapte malitiosa (Herrich-Schäffer 1865) |
Mexico to Brazil | |
Yes | |
Three Spotted Skipper | Cymaenes tripunctus (Herrich-Schäffer 1865) |
Southern US to Brazil | |
Yes | |
Eufala Skipper | Lerodea eufala (Edwards 1869) |
Southern US to Argentina | |
Yes | |
Turner's Gold-striped Skipper | Troyus turneri (Warren and Turland 2012) |
Jamaica (genus endemic to Jamaica) | |
Yes | |
Kaye's Branded Skipper | Rhinthon cubana (Herrich-Schäffer 1865) |
Mexico to Ecuador | Rhinthon cubana thernae (Turner & Turland 2017): Jamaica |
Yes | |
Fiery Skipper | Hylephila phyleus (Drury 1773) |
Canada to Argentina | |
Yes | |
Jamaican Broken-dash Skipper | Wallengrenia vesuria (Plōtz 1882) |
Jamaica | Yes | ||
Lilly Perkins' Skipper | Choranthus lilliae (Bell 1931) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Butler's Branded Skipper | Euphyes singularis (Herrich-Schäffer 1865) |
Greater Antilles | Euphyes singularis insolata Butler 1878: Jamaica |
Yes | |
Jamaican Tawny Skipper | Pyrrhocalles jamaicensis (Schaus 1902) |
Jamaica | |
Yes | |
Nyctelius Skipper | Nyctelius nyctelius (Latreille 1824) |
Central America to Brazil | |
Yes | |
Hedylidae - Moth-like Butterflies | |||||
Dainty Moth-Butterfly | Macrosoma stabilinota (Prout 1932) |
Honduras to northern Amazonia; Jamaica | |
REFERENCES
Brown, F.M. and B. Heineman. 1972. Jamaica and its Butterflies. E.W. Classey, Ltd., London, UK.
Garraway, E. and A. Bailey. 2005. Butterflies of Jamaica. Macmillan Publishers, Ltd, Oxford, UK.
Johnson, K. & D.S. Smith, 1993. A remarkable new butterfly species from Jamaica (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with notes on Jamaican endemics and their sister species. Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point) 24: 1-14.
Lewis, Delano St.A. 2009. "Lime Swallowtail, Chequered Swallowtail, Citrus Swallowtail Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Insecta: Lipidoptera: Papilionidae)" (PDF). University of Florida (IFAS Extension). Retrieved 26 November 2010.
Lewis, D. St.A. 2010. Phylogeny and revision of the genus Heraclides Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Papilionini). University of Florida, Doctoral disseration.
Lewis D.S., F.A.H. Sperling, S. Nakahara, A.M. Cotton, A.Y. Kawahara and F.L. Condamine. 2014. Role of Caribbean Islands in the diversification and biogeography of Neotropical Heraclides swallowtails. Cladistics. doi: 10.1111/cla.12092
Murphy, C.P., D.L. Whyte, and E. Garraway. 2017. Scientific note: new records of Marpesa chiron (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Jamaica. Trop. Lepid. Research 27: 19-20.
Shiraiwa, K., Q. Cong and N.V. Grishin. 2014. A new Heraclides swallowtail (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from North America is recognized by the pattern on its neck. ZooKeys 468: 85-135. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.468.8565
Turland, V.A., A.D. Warren, and D.S. Lewis. 2012. A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22:66-73.
Turner, T. and V. Turland. 2017. Discovering Jamaican butterflies and their relationships around the Caribbean. Caribbean Wildlife Publications, LLC., Safety Harbour, Florida, USA. Purchase on amazon.com
Van-Wright, R.I.; Ackery, P.R.; Turner, T. (1992). Anetia Jaegeri, Danaus Cleophile and Lycoriea cleobaea from Jamaica (Nymphalide: Danaine). Journal of the Lepidopterist's Society. 46 (4): 273–279.
Wahlberg, N., C.W. Wheat and C. Peña. 2013. Timing and Patterns in the Taxonomic Diversification of Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths). PLoS ONE 8(11): e80875. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080875
Warren, A.D., K.J. Davis, E.M. Stangeland, J.P. Pelham, and N.V. Grishin. 2015. Illustrated Lists of American Butterflies (North and South America) 28-VIII-2015. Website accessed: 10-August-2016.
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